Western equine encephalitis (WEE) is a viral infection that affects horses and humans, caused by the Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV). It belongs to the Togaviridae family and is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly those belonging to the Culex species. WEEV is predominantly found in Western and Central United States and parts of Canada.
The infection typically manifests as an inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) and can lead to various symptoms in horses and humans. In horses, the disease can range from mild to severe, characterized by fever, loss of appetite, depression, and neurological signs such as stumbling, circling, and convulsions. In severe cases, horses may also experience paralysis and even death.
Symptoms in humans can vary, ranging from a mild febrile illness to severe encephalitis. Common signs include fever, headache, muscle pain, and vomiting. In more severe cases, individuals may develop a stiff neck, disorientation, seizures, and coma. Although fatal cases are rare, those who survive may experience long-term neurological complications.
Prevention of Western equine encephalitis primarily involves controlling mosquito populations, especially through the elimination of standing water and the use of insecticides. Vaccination is also available for horses, significantly reducing the risk of infection. There is no specific antiviral treatment for WEE, so supportive care is vital in managing symptoms and complications. Prompt medical attention should be sought if symptoms of suspected WEE infection arise.
