Swyer James Syndrome, also known as unilateral hyperlucent lung syndrome or unilateral pulmonary emphysema, is a rare respiratory disorder characterized by abnormal lung development or growth, resulting in lung hyperinflation predominantly affecting one side of the chest. Thorough understanding of this syndrome is still evolving.
This condition typically manifests in childhood or adolescence, with affected individuals often presenting in early life with repeated respiratory infections and a persistent cough. The hallmark feature of Swyer James Syndrome is the presence of an overinflated lung on one side of the chest, usually due to reduced blood flow, inadequate ventilation, or a combination of both.
Radiological imaging studies, such as chest X-rays or computed tomography (CT), often reveal decreased vascularity and volume on the affected side. Moreover, reduced bronchial diameter and peripheral lung abnormalities may also be observed. Swyer James Syndrome primarily affects one lung, usually the left, resulting in a smaller and less functional lung compared to the unaffected side.
The underlying cause of Swyer James Syndrome remains unclear, though it is often associated with an early childhood respiratory infection, such as bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or tuberculosis, which leads to damage and arrested lung development. In rare cases, it can also be congenital in nature. Treatment mainly focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications, including respiratory infections. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove damaged or hyperinflated lung tissue.
In summary, Swyer James Syndrome is a rare respiratory disorder characterized by lung hyperinflation and reduced functionality predominantly affecting one side of the chest.
