Streptococcal sore throat, also known as strep throat, is a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by the group A Streptococcus bacteria. It is characterized by inflammation and irritation of the throat, leading to symptoms such as severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, swollen tonsils, fever, headache, and general malaise.
This type of infection is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets from an infected individual, commonly during coughing or sneezing. Sharing contaminated objects, such as utensils or drinking glasses, can also contribute to the spread of the bacteria. Strep throat is most common among children ages 5 to 15, but individuals of all ages can be affected.
Diagnosis of streptococcal sore throat is usually confirmed through a rapid antigen test or throat culture, in which a sample is taken from the throat and analyzed for the presence of group A Streptococcus bacteria. It is essential to receive a prompt and accurate diagnosis, as strep throat can lead to complications such as rheumatic fever, kidney inflammation, or scarlet fever if left untreated.
Treatment for streptococcal sore throat typically involves a course of antibiotics, such as penicillin or amoxicillin, to eliminate the bacteria and reduce the risk of complications. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, may be used to alleviate symptoms of sore throat and fever.
Prevention of streptococcal sore throat includes practicing good respiratory hygiene, such as covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, regular handwashing, and avoiding close contact with individuals who have a known infection.
