Radical Neck Dissection refers to a surgical procedure conducted to remove lymph nodes and surrounding structures from the neck region, typically performed as a treatment for certain types of cancers. This extensive surgical operation involves the removal of lymph nodes, as well as adjacent muscles, veins, nerves, and salivary glands located in the neck area.
The primary aim of a Radical Neck Dissection is to eliminate cancerous cells that have spread to the lymph nodes and surrounding tissues in the neck. The procedure is commonly required in cases of head and neck cancers, particularly those arising in the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland.
During the surgery, an incision is made across the neck, typically from behind the ear to the collarbone. The muscles, lymph nodes, and other structures in the neck are carefully dissected and removed, while preserving important structures such as blood vessels and nerves if possible. In some cases, a reconstruction may also be performed following the removal of the affected structures, to restore functionality and aesthetics.
Radical Neck Dissection may vary in its extent and can be classified into different types based on the structures removed, such as modified radical neck dissection or selective neck dissection. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia and requires a significant recovery period, with post-operative care including pain management, wound healing, and rehabilitation.
Overall, Radical Neck Dissection is a complex surgical intervention designed to treat advanced head and neck cancers by removing affected lymph nodes and nearby tissues, aiming to control the spread of the disease and improve patient outcomes.
