Fowl Plague Virus, also known as Avian Influenza Virus or Bird Flu Virus, is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects birds, particularly domesticated poultry. It belongs to the Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, which can cause severe illness and high mortality rates in infected birds.
The Fowl Plague Virus can be transmitted through direct contact with infected birds, their bodily fluids or secretions, as well as through contaminated feed, water, and equipment. It can also spread indirectly through the air, carried by wind or through respiratory droplets from infected birds. The virus can survive in the environment for extended periods, posing a significant risk to poultry farms and wild bird populations.
Symptoms of Fowl Plague Virus infection in birds may vary, ranging from mild respiratory signs, such as coughing and sneezing, to more severe symptoms like reduced egg production, edema of the head, blue comb and wattles, diarrhea, and sudden death. Infected birds may exhibit increased mortality rates, with death occurring within a few days.
While Fowl Plague Virus primarily affects birds, certain strains of the virus have demonstrated the ability to infect humans, causing severe respiratory illnesses, including pneumonia and other complications. However, human-to-human transmission of the virus is considered rare.
Preventive measures include strict biosecurity protocols, such as controlling bird movement, disinfecting equipment, implementing quarantine measures, and practicing good hygiene. Vaccination may also be used as a preventive measure in poultry populations.
Due to its high economic impact, both on the poultry industry and potential public health concerns, strict surveillance and control measures are crucial to containing the spread of the Fowl Plague Virus.
