ENDOTHELIAL CELL Meaning and
Definition
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An endothelial cell refers to a type of cell that lines the inner surface of blood vessels, lymphatics, and the heart. These cells form a continuous layer known as the endothelium, which acts as a barrier between the blood or lymphatic fluid and the underlying tissues. Endothelial cells are typically squamous or elongated in shape and are tightly packed together, allowing them to form a smooth and thin layer.
Functionally, endothelial cells play a crucial role in various physiological processes. They regulate the permeability of blood vessels, controlling the passage of substances such as water, electrolytes, and nutrients between the blood and surrounding tissues. These cells also contribute to the regulation of blood pressure and blood clotting by releasing vasoactive substances and promoting the formation or inhibition of platelets, respectively.
Furthermore, endothelial cells are involved in the maintenance of homeostasis by participating in immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair. They release cytokines and chemokines, which recruit immune cells to damaged or infected tissues. Additionally, endothelial cells produce molecules that contribute to the dilation or constriction of blood vessels, enabling them to regulate blood flow efficiently.
Due to their crucial role in vascular biology, endothelial cells have been extensively studied in the context of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and inflammatory conditions. Understanding the functioning and behavior of endothelial cells is essential for developing therapies and interventions aimed at managing or preventing these diseases.
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A flat cell forming the lining membrane of the blood-vessels and serous membranes.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
Common Misspellings for ENDOTHELIAL CELL
- endothelial celm
- endothelialsell
- e ndothelial cell
- en dothelial cell
- end othelial cell
- endo thelial cell
- endot helial cell
- endoth elial cell
- endothe lial cell
- endothel ial cell
- endotheli al cell
- endothelia l cell
- endothelial c ell
- endothelial ce ll
- endothelial cel l
Etymology of ENDOTHELIAL CELL
The word "endothelial" comes from the combination of two Greek roots: "endon", meaning "within" or "inside", and "thēlē", meaning "nipple" or "female breast". The term "endothelium" was first used by the German pathologist Julius Cohnheim in 1867 to describe the single layer of cells lining the inner surface of blood vessels. The term "endothelial cell" refers to an individual cell within this layer of cells.
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