Bazin Disease, also known as Erythema Induratum of Bazin (EIB), is a rare chronic form of panniculitis that affects the subcutaneous adipose tissue. It is characterized by recurrent, painful nodules or plaques that predominantly occur on the lower legs. This disorder was first described by Jean Bazin, a French dermatologist, in the late 19th century.
The exact cause of Bazin Disease remains unclear, but it is believed to have a multifactorial etiology involving both immunological and infectious factors. Tuberculosis (TB) infection has been recognized as a common association with this condition, although not all cases are linked to TB. Other potentially influential factors include genetic predisposition, autoimmune dysfunction, or vascular abnormalities.
Clinical manifestations of Bazin Disease typically include tender nodules that evolve into chronic, non-healing ulcers. These lesions are commonly observed over the shins, calves, and ankles, and are often associated with symptoms like pain, swelling, and skin discoloration. The disease usually occurs in adult women, especially those with a family history of tuberculosis or immune system abnormalities.
Diagnosing Bazin Disease can be challenging, as it requires a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and skin biopsy. Treatment strategies for this condition are mainly aimed at addressing the underlying cause, if identified. If tuberculosis is present, anti-tuberculous therapy is recommended. Additionally, medical interventions such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive agents may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms and manage the inflammation.
Overall, Bazin Disease is a complex dermatological disorder characterized by recurrent painful nodules or plaques on the lower limbs. Its management requires
